RHEMA UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT AND SOCIAL SCIENCES

MORPHOLOGICAL PATTERNS OF SELECTED FEMININE GENDER WORDS IN THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE

Cyrus, Smart Eziwho, Okoro, Donatus Chima
June 23, 2025

Abstract

This paper examines morphological patterns of selected feminine gender words in the English language with the view to identify the morphological processes involved in the formation of feminine gender nouns in English, examine the role of derivational suffixation (such as -ess, -ine, -a, -ina, -trix) in marking feminine gender, analyze alternative processes of forming feminine gender without the suffix -ess, including suppletion, compounding, and syntactic marking. The study was anchored on gender neutrality theory. The population for this study comprises English words that denote female referents or are marked as feminine in contemporary English. The study found that derivational suffixation has historically been a central strategy in the formation of feminine gender nouns. Suffixes such as -ess, -ine, -a, -ina, and -trix were widely used to derive feminine counterparts from masculine based nouns. hero → heroine and executor → executrix illustrate how bound morphemes attach to a lexical root to encode the semantic feature [+female]. The paper also confirms that suppletion plays a significant role in feminine formation. Word pairs such as those formed through completely different lexical roots demonstrate that gender distinction in English is often lexical rather than morphologically predictable. Such forms must be learned individually, emphasizing the irregular nature of gender marking in the language.

Download Full PDF

This article is available as a PDF download

RHEMA UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT AND SOCIAL SCIENCES

Published in RHEMA UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT AND SOCIAL SCIENCES

ISSN: 979-37999

This article appears in our peer-reviewed academic journal

View Journal

Related Articles

Explore similar research in our collection

QUALITY ASSURANCE MECHANISMS FOR EFFECTIVE UNIVERSITY ADMINISTRATION IN BAYELSA STATE,NIGERIA

ALFRED .SINGER .RAMONI., Prof. ALLEN A.AGIH

Feb 6, 2026

Quality assurance (QA) in higher education is a vital mechanism for maintaining academic standards, ...

View Article

GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE AND UNEMPLOYMENT IN NIGERIA (1986 - 2024)

Dr Callistus Ogu, Oguh, Marcel Ifeanyi,, Dr Akamike Okechukwu, Ohuegbu Cynthia

Jan 18, 2026

The study investigated the effect of government expenditure on unemployment rate in Nigeria for the ...

View Article

IMPACT OF CLASSROOM FACILITIES ON UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS' ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN UNIVERSITIES IN BAYELSA STATE

EKUNE, KUROTIMI KALAIKE, KEREOTUBO, EBI EMMANUEL Ph.D

Jan 16, 2026

The research examined how classroom facilities influence the educational success of undergraduates i...

View Article