ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF INVASIVE FLORA SPECIES ON ECOSYSTEM SERVICES IN MARSHLANDS OF IKEDURU, IMO STATE

Invasive flora species (IFS) pose a significant threat to wetland biodiversity and the ecosystem services upon which local communities depend. This study investigated the ecological effects of invasive flora in the marshlands of Ikeduru, Imo State, Nigeria. The research mapped the spatial distribution of dominant invasive species, assessed their perceived impact on livelihood-critical ecosystem services, analyzed statistical relationships between invasive coverage and native biodiversity and soil/water quality, and developed a community-inclusive management framework. Data were collected via systematic field surveys using quadrats and transects, GPS mapping, laboratory analysis of soil and water samples, and a structured EEIFSESMI instrument administered to 396 households across 12 randomly selected communities. Results indicated a high prevalence of Nymphaea lotus (White Lotus) and Pistia stratiotes (Water Lettuce), with distinct aggregation patterns along disturbed edges. A significant negative correlation was found between invasive species coverage and native plant diversity indices (Shannon-Weiner, p<0.01). Furthermore, invasive dominance was associated with altered soil pH and reduced dissolved oxygen in water. Over 80% of respondents perceived severe declines in provisioning services like fishing and wild food plants. The study concludes that invasive species are degrading the Ikeduru marshlands' ecological integrity and human livelihoods. The study recommends the integration of indigenous ecological knowledge with scientific monitoring into a co-management strategy, advocating for policy shifts that prioritize wetland conservation and community-based invasive species management. This study contributes a localized, empirical model for assessing IFS impacts in tropical freshwater wetlands, emphasizing indigenous knowledge and perception as critical components of environmental governance.